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- $Unique_ID{BRK03420}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Acrocallosal Syndrome, Schinzel Type}
- $Subject{Acrocallosal Syndrome Schinzel Type Acrocallosal Syndrome ACS Hallux
- Duplication Postaxial Polydactyly Absence of Corpus Callosum Schinzel
- Acrocallosal Syndrome Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 936:
- Acrocallosal Syndrome, Schinzel Type
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Schinzel Type
- Acrocallosal Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the
- SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered
- by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Acrocallosal Syndrome
- ACS
- Hallux Duplication, Postaxial Polydactyly, and Absence of Corpus Callosum
- Schinzel Acrocallosal Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Schinzel Acrocallosal Syndrome is a very rare disorder inherited as an
- autosomal recessive genetic trait. This disorder is characterized by
- craniofacial abnormalities, absence or underdevelopment of the mass of white
- matter that unites the two halves of the brain (corpus callosum), additional
- fingers and/or toes (polydactyly), loss of muscle tone (hypotonia), and
- mental retardation.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Schinzel Acrocallosal Syndrome is a very rare disorder characterized by
- absent or underdeveloped fibers that unite the two halves of the brain
- (corpus callosum), additional fingers and/or toes (polydactyly), mental
- retardation, loss of muscle tone (hypotonia), and craniofacial abnormalities.
-
- Patients with this disorder have characteristic facial features including
- an unusually large head (macrocephaly) and bulging of the forehead. A short,
- broad nose as well as eyes that are down-slanted, crossed (strabismus) and
- widely spaced are typical facial features.
-
- Abnormalities of the fingers and toes may include: an additional or
- partial duplication of the large toe; additional fingers and/or toes; thumbs
- that are split at the ends (bifid terminal); as well as fusion of fingers
- and/or toes (syndactyly).
-
- A condition in which there is a reduction of oxygen to tissue (hypoxia)
- is often found in the first few weeks after birth. This condition may cause
- a bluish discoloration of the skin, an increased heart rate, elevated blood
- pressure and an increased breathing rate (respiration). Difficulties with
- feeding as well as frequent respiratory infections are common.
-
- Other abnormalities that have been found in some patients with Schinzel
- Acrocallosal Syndrome are: seizures; an abnormal accumulation of fluid on
- the brain (hydrocephaly); cleft lip and/or cleft palate; underdevelopment of
- the part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movement (cerebellar
- hypoplasia); failure of one or both of the testicles to descend into the
- scrotum (cryptorchidism); bone abnormalities and/or abnormal development of
- the kidneys. (For more information on these disorders choose "Epilepsy",
- "Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate" and "Hydrocephalus" as your search terms in the
- Rare Disease Database).
-
- Causes
-
- Schinzel Acrocallosal Syndrome is a very rare disorder thought to be
- inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic trait. Human traits, including
- the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two
- genes, one received from the father and one from the mother. In recessive
- disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same
- defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If one receives one
- normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for
- the disease, but usually will not show symptoms. The risk of transmitting
- the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
- recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
- will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
- their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent, and will
- be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Schinzel Acrocallosal Syndrome is a very rare disorder that affects males and
- females in equal numbers. There have been approximately fifteen cases of
- this disorder reported in the medical literature.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Schinzel
- Acrocallosal Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome is a rare disorder thought to be
- inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic trait. This disorder is
- characterized by an abnormally large head (macrocephaly) and an unusual
- facial appearance with a high prominent forehead, broad nose and widely
- spaced eyes (hypertelorism). Additional fingers and toes (polysyndactyly),
- enlarged thumbs and great toes as well as fusing or webbing of the fingers
- and toes (syndactyly) may also occur. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly " as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database).
-
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome is a rare disorder thought to be inherited
- as an autosomal recessive genetic trait. Four types of this disorder have
- been identified. The Mohr Type or Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome II has
- symptoms very similar to Schinzel Acrocallosal Syndrome although the corpus
- callosum is not affected. Symptoms of this disorder include neuromuscular
- disturbances, facial abnormalities, and abnormalities of the fingers and
- toes. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Oral-Facial-Digital
- Syndrome" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Surgery may be performed to separate and/or remove additional fingers and/or
- toes in patients with Schinzel Acrocallosal Syndrome.
-
- When hydrocephalus is present a shunt, or tube may be inserted into the
- head cavity to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid into a part of the body
- that can absorb it. In growing children the shunt may have to be lengthened
- periodically.
-
- When cleft lip and/or palate are present, surgery can be performed to
- repair the lip and an artificial device called a prosthesis may be used to
- close or block the opening in the palate. Surgical repair can be carried out
- in stages or in a single operation, according to the nature and severity of
- the defect.
-
- When seizures are present anti-convulsant drugs such as phenytoin,
- valproic acid, phenobarbarbitol, clonazepam, ethusuximide, primidone,
- corticotropin, and corticosteroid drugs may be used to help prevent and
- control the seizures.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Schinzel Acrocallosal Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- Association for Retarded Citizens of the U.S.
- P.O. Box 6109
- Arlington, TX 76005
- (817) 640-0204
- (800) 433-0525
-
- American Cleft Palate Cranial Facial Association
- 1218 Granview Ave.
- Pittsburgh, PA 15211
- (412) 681-1376
- (800) 24CLEFT
-
- National Cleft Palate Association
- 2950 Hearne Ave
- Shreveport, LA 71103
- (318) 635-8191
-
- Hydrocephalus Parent Support Group
- 225 Dickinson St., H-893
- San Diego, CA 92103
-
- National Hydrocephalus Foundation
- 400 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1102
- Chicago, IL 60611-4102
-
- Hydrocephalus Association
- 870 Market St., Suite 955
- San Francisco, CA 94102
- (415) 776-4713
-
- The Epilepsy Foundation of America
- 4351 Garden City Drive
- Landover, MD 20785
- (800) 332-1000
- (301) 459-3700
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 10th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 1179-80.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 34.
-
- THE ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME: M.M. Nelson, et al.; Am J Med Genet (June,
- 1982, issue 12(2)). Pp. 195-9.
-
- ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME: H.J. Hendriks, et al., Am J Med Genet (March,
- 1990, issue 35(3)). Pp. 443-6.
-
- ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME: ADDITIONAL MANIFESTATIONS: A.C. Casamassima, et
- al.; Am J Med Genet (March, 1989, issue 32(3)). Pp. 311-7.
-
- ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME: NEW FINDINGS: J.B. Moeschler, et al.; Am J Med
- Genet (March, 1989, issue 32(3)). Pp. 306-10.
-
-